UNDERSTANDING NARRATIVE & EXPOSITION TEXTS

A.  Understanding of Narrative and Exposition Text

v  Understanding of Narrative Text

Narrative text is a text which contains about story (fiction/non fiction/tales/folktales/fables/myths/epic) and its plot consists of climax of the story (complication) then followed by the resolution.

v  Understanding of Exposition Text

Exposition text is a text that elaborates the writer‘s idea about the phenomenon surrounding.

B.   The Social Function of Narrative and Exposition Text

v  The  Social Function of Narrative Text

To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways; narratives deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution.

v  The  Social Function of Exposition Text

To persuade the reader that the idea is important matter.

C.   The Characteristic of Narrative and Exposition Text

v  The Characteristic of Narrative Text

Commonly the characteristic of narrative text are :

1.      Characters with defined personalities/identities.

2.      Dialogue often included - tense may change to the present or the future.

3.      Descriptive language to create images in the reader's mind and enhance the story.

4.      Usually using past tense.

5.      Careful use of adjectives and adverbs: Writing needs judicious use of adjectives and adverbs to bring it alive, qualify the action and provide description and information for the reader.

v  The Characteristic of Exposition Text

Commonly the characteristic of exposition text are :

1.      Using the Simple Present (Present Tense).

2.      Connective normally use such as Idea: Firstly, Secondly, and more.

3.      Use of passive verbs to help structure the text.

4.      Verbs are used when expressing opinions, eg. I think ___ are the best! We believe students should not be stopped from eating junk food

5.      Written in the timeless present tense

D.   The Chart / Scheme of Narrative and Exposition Text

v  The Chart / Scheme of Narrative Text

1.      Orientation      : set the scene and introduces the participants

2.      Evalution         : a stepping back to evaluate the plight

3.      Complication   : a crisis arise

4.      Resolution       : the crisis is resolved , for a better or worse

5.      Re-orientation : optional

v  The Chart / Scheme of Exposition Text

1.      Thesis 

Introduces the topic and shows speaker or writer’s position; outlines of the arguments are presented.

2.      Arguments

It consists about Point and Elaboration. Points states the main argument while elaboration develops and supports each point of argument.

3.      Conclusion

Reiteration (restatement), restates speaker or writer’s position.

Narrative Text :

English Text	Translation
The Story of Sangkuriang and Tangkuban Perahu Mountain Once, there was a kingdom in Priangan Land. Lived a happy family. They were a father in form of dog,his name is Tumang, a mother which was called is Dayang Sumbi, and a child which was called Sangkuriang. One day, Dayang Sumbi asked her son to go hunting with his lovely dog, Tumang. After hunting all day, Sangkuriang began desperate and worried because he hunted no deer. Then he thought to shot his own dog. Then he took the dog liver and carried home. Soon Dayang Sumbi found out that it was not deer lever but Tumang's, his own dog. So, She was very angry and hit Sangkuriang's head. In that incident, Sangkuriang got wounded and scar then cast away from their home. Years go bye, Sangkuriang had travel many places and finally arrived at a village. He met a beautiful woman and felt in love with her. When they were discussing their wedding plans, The woman looked at the wound in Sangkuriang's head. It matched to her son's wound who had left severall years earlier. Soon she realized that she felt in love with her own son. She couldn't marry him but how to say it. Then, she found the way. She needed a lake and a boat for celebrating their wedding day. Sangkuriang had to make them in one night. He built a lake. With a dawn just moment away and the boat was almost complete. Dayang Sumbi had to stop it. Then, she lit up the eastern horizon with flashes of light. It made the cock crowed for a new day. Sangkuriang failed to marry her. She was very angry and kicked the boat. It felt over and became the mountain of Tangkuban Perahu Bandung.	Cerita tentang Sangkuriang dan Gunung Tangkuban Perahu Alpha Dulu, ada sebuah kerajaan di Tanah Priangan. Tinggalah sebuah keluarga bahagia. Mereka adalah ayah dalam bentuk anjing, namanya Tumang, seorang ibu yang dikenal dengan nama Dayang Sumbi, dan seorang anak yang dikenal dengan nama Sangkuriang. Suatu hari, Dayang Sumbi meminta anaknya untuk pergi berburu dengan anjing kesayangannya, Tumang. Setelah berburu seharian, Sangkuriang mulai putus asa dan khawatir karena tidak ada seekor rusa yang ia dapatkan. Lalu ia berpikir untuk menembak anjingnya sendiri. Kemudian ia mengambil hati anjing dan membawanya pulang. Segera Dayang Sumbi menemukan bahwa itu bukan rusa tapi itu Tumang, anjingnya sendiri. Kemudian, Dia sangat marah dan memukul kepala Sangkuriang itu. Dalam insiden itu, Sangkuriang terluka dan mendapat bekas luka kemudian dia diusir dari rumah mereka. Beberapa tahun berlalu, Sangkuriang telah melakukan perjalanan di banyak tempat dan akhirnya tiba di sebuah desa. Dia bertemu seorang wanita cantik dan merasa jatuh cinta padanya. Ketika mereka sedang membicarakan rencana pernikahan mereka, Wanita itu menatap luka di kepala Sangkuriang itu. Ini cocok dengan luka anaknya yang telah meninggalkannya beberapa tahun sebelumnya. Segera ia menyadari bahwa ia merasa jatuh cinta pada anaknya sendiri. Dia tidak bisa menikah dengannya tetapi dia bingung bagaimana untuk mengatakannya. Kemudian, ia menemukan jalan. Dia membutuhkan sebuah danau dan perahu untuk merayakan hari pernikahan mereka. Sangkuriang harus membuat semua itu dalam satu malam. Dia membangun sebuah danau. Fajar pun tiba dan perahu hampir selesai. Dayang Sumbi harus menghentikannya. Kemudian, dia menerangi horison bagian timur dengan kilatan cahaya. Hal itu membuat ayam berkokok untuk hari baru. Sangkuriang gagal untuk menikahinya. Dia sangat marah dan menendang perahu. Dengan kemarahannya yang berlebihan, dan akhirnya menjadi gunung Tangkuban Perahu Bandung.
The Ugly Duckling One upon time, a mother duck sat on her eggs. She felt tired of sitting on them. She just wished the eggs would break out. Several days later, she got her wish. The eggs cracked and some cute little ducklings appeared. "Peep, peep" the little ducklings cried. "Quack, quack" their mother greeted in return. However the largest egg had not cracked. The mother duck sat on it for several days. Finally, it cracked and a huge ugly duckling waddled out. The mother duck looked at him in surprise. He was so big and very gray. He didn't look like the others at all. He was like a turkey When the mother duck brought the children to the pond for their first swimming lesson. The huge grey duckling splashed and paddled about just as nicely as the other ducklings did. "That is not a turkey chick. He is my very own son and quite handsome" the mother said proudly. However, the other animals didn't agree. They hissed and made fun of him day by day. Even his own sisters and brothers were very unkind. "You are very ugly" they quacked. The little poor duckling was very unhappy. "I wish I looked like them" he thought to himself. One day, the ugly duckling run away and hid in the bushes. The sad duckling lived alone through the cold and snow winter. Finally the spring flowers began to bloom. While he was swimming in the pond, he saw three large white swans swimming toward him. "Oh, dear. these beautiful birds will laugh and peck me too" he said to himself. But the swans did not attack him. Instead, they swam around him and stroked him with their bills. As the ugly duckling bent his neck to speak to them, he saw his reflection in the water. He could not believe his eyes. "I am not an ugly duckling but a beautiful swam" he exclaimed. He was very happy. From that day on, he swam and played with his new friends and was happier than he had never been.	Bebek yang Jelek Pada suatu hari, induk bebek mengerami telur-telurnya. Dia merasa lelah mengeraminya. Dia berharap telur-telur itu segera menetas. Beberapa hari kemudian, dia mendapatkan keinginannya. Telur-telur itu akhirnya retak dan muncul bebek-bebek kecil yang lucu. “Peep, peep” bebek-bebek kecil itu menangis. “Quack, quack” induk bebek itu menyambut kedatangan mereka. Namun telur yang paling besar tidak menetas. Induk bebek mengeraminya kembali dalam beberapa hari. Akhirnya, telur itu menetas dan munculah anak bebek yang besar dan buruk rupa. Induk bebek itu terkejut melihatnya. Dia begitu besar dan berwarna abu-abu. Dia tidak seperti anak bebek yang lainnya. Dia lebih seperti kalkun. Ketika induk bebek membawa anak-anaknya ke kolam untuk belajar berenang. Anak bebek yang besar dan abu-abu itu di ajari memercik dan berenang yang baik seperti yang dilakukan anak itik lainnya. “Itu bukan seekor ayam kalkun. Dia adalah anakku dan cukup tampan” ujar induk bebek itu dengan bangga. Namun hewan lain tidak setuju. Mereka mendesis dan mengejeknya dari hari ke hari. Bahkan saudaranya pun mengejeknya. ‘kamu sangat jelek” kata saudaranya. Anak bebek yang malang itu sangat tidak bahagia. “aku merharap aku seperti yang lainnya” katanya dalam hati. Pada suatu hari, anak bebek yang jelek itu melarikan diri dan bersembunyi di semak-semak. Anak bebek yang sedih hidup sendiri selama musim dingin dan besalju. Akhirnya bunga-bunga musim semi mulai marak. Sementara ia sedang berenang di kolam, ia melihat tiga angsa putih besar berenang ke arahnya. “Oh sayang, burung cantik ini akan tertawa dan mematukku” katanya dalam hati. Tetapi angsa-angsa itu tidak menyerangnya. Sebaliknya, mereka malah berenang disekitarnya dan membelainya. Sebagai bebek yang buruk rupa, ia membungkukkan lehernya untuk berbicara kepada mereka, ia melihat bayangannya di air. Dia tidak bisa percaya dengan yang dilihatnya. "Saya bukan bebek buruk rupa tapi perenang yang indah" seru dia. Dia sangat bahagia. Dari kejadian itu, dia berenang dan bermain dengan teman barunya dan merasakan kebahagiaan yang belum pernah ia dapatkan selama ini.
The Smart Monkey and Dull Crocodile One day there was a monkey. He wanted to cross a river. There he saw a crocodile so he asked the crocodile to take him across the other side of the river. The crocodile agree and told the monkey to jump on its back. Then the crocodile swam down the river with the monkey on his top. Unluckily, the crocodile was very hungry, he stopped in the middle of the river and said to the monkey, “My father is very sick. He has to eat the heart of the monkey. So he will be healthy again.” At the time, the monkey was in dangerous situation and he had to think hard. Then he had a good idea. He told the crocodile to swim back to the river bank. “What’s for?” asked the crocodile. “Because I don’t bring my heart,” said the monkey. “I left it under a tree, near some coconuts in the river bank.” The crocodile agreed and turned around. He swam back to the bank of the river. As soon as they reached the river bank, the monkey jumped off the crocodile’s back. Then he climbed up to the top of a tree. “Where is your heart?” asked the crocodile. “You are foolish,” said the monkey to the crocodile. “Now I am free and I have my heart.”	Monyet yang Pintar dan Buaya yang Bodoh Pada suatu hari, terdapatlah seekor monyet. Dia ingin menyebrangi sungai. Disana dia melihat seekor buaya, kemudian dia meminta buaya tersebut untuk membantu menyebrangi sungai itu. Buaya itu menyetujuinya dan meminta monyet itu melompat ke punggungnya. Kemudian buaya itu berenang di bawah dengan monyet diatasnya. Sayangnya, buaya itu sangat lapar, dia berhenti di tengah-tengah sungai dan berkata kepada monyet, “Ayahku sedang sakit. Dia harus makan hati monyet. Kemudian dia akan sehat kembali.” Pada saat itu, monyet dalam situasi berbahaya dan dia segera berfikir keras. Kemudian dia mendapatkan ide bagus. Dia meminta buaya untuk berenang kembali ke tepi sungai. “Untuk apa?” Tanya buaya. “Karena aku tidak membawa hatiku,” jawab monyet. “Aku meninggalkannya dibawah pohon, dekat kacang-kacang di tepi sungai.” Buaya mempercayainya dan kembali ke tepi sungai. Sesampainya di tepi sungai, monyet segera melompat dari punggung buaya itu. Kemudian memanjat pohon. “Dimanakah hatimu?” Tanya buaya. “Kamu Bodoh,” seru monyet kepada buaya. “Sekarang aku bebas dan aku bisa memiliki hatiku.”
Lutung Kasarung Prabu Tapa Agung was an old king. He had two daughters, Purbararang and Purbasari. Prabu Tapa Agung planned to retire as a king. He wanted Purbasari to replace him as the leader of the kingdom. Hearing this, Purbararang was angry. "You cannot ask her to be the queen, Father. I'm older than she is. It's supposed to be me, not her!" said Purbararang. But the king still chose Purbasari to be the next queen. Purbararang then set a bad plan with her fiance, Indrajaya. Together they went to a witch and asked her to put a spell on Purbasari. Later, Purbasari had bad skin. There were black dots all over her body. "You are not as beautiful as I am. You cannot be the queen. Instead, you have to leave this palace and stay in a jungle," said Purbararang. Purbasari was very sad. Now she had to stay in the jungle. Everyday she spent her time playing with some animals there. There was one monkey that always tried to cheer her up. It was not just an ordinary monkey, he had magical power. And he also could talk with humans. The monkey's name was Lutung Kasarung. He was actually a god. His name was Sanghyang Gurumina. Lutung Kasarung planned to help Purbasari. He made a small lake and asked her to take a bath there. Amazingly, her bad skin was cured. Now she got her beautiful skin back. After that, she asked Lutung Kasarung to accompany her to go back to the palace. Purbararang was very shocked. She knew she had to come up with another bad idea. She then said, "Those who have longer hair will be the queen." The king then measured his daughters' hair. Purbasari had longer hair. But Purbararang did not give up. "A queen must have a handsome husband. If my fiance is more handsome than yours, then I will be the queen," said Purbararang. Purbasari was sad. She knew Purbararang's fiance, Indrajaya, was handsome. And she did not have a fiance yet. "Here is my fiancé, Indrajaya. Where is yours?" asked Purbararang. Lutung Kasarung came forward. Purbararang was laughing very hard. "Your fiance is a monkey, ha ha ha." Suddenly, Lutung Kasarung changed into a very a handsome man. He was even more handsome than Indrajaya. Purbasari then became the queen. She forgave Purbararang and her fiance and let them stay in the palace.	Lutung Kasarung Prabu Tapa Agung adalah raja tua . dia mempunyai dua anak permpuan , Purbararang dan Purbasari. Prabu Tapa Agung berencana mencari penggantinya sebagai raja. Dia menginginkan Purbasari untuk menggantinya sebagai kepala kerajaan. Mendengar itu, Purbararang marah.”Kamu tidak bisa memintanya sebagai ratu, ayah. Aku lebih tua darinya.seharusnya kamu memilihku, bukan dia!”kata Parubararang. Tetapi sang raja masih memilih Purbasari untuk menjadi ratu selanjutnya. Purbararang kemudian merencanakan sesuatu yang jahat dengan tunanganya , Indrajaya. Bersama-sama mereka pergi ke penyihir dan meminta mantra untuk ditempatkan pada Purbasari. Kemudian kulit Purbasari menjadi buruk. Ia mengalami bintik hitam di sekujur tubuhnya. “kamu tidak secantik aku.kamu tidak layak menjadi ratu.sebaliknya, kamu harus meninggalkan tempat ini dan tinggalah di hutan,”kata Purbararang. Purbasari merasa sangat sedih. Sekarang dia tinggal di hutan.setiap hari dia menggunakan waktunya untuk bermain bersama beberapa hewan disana. Disana terdapat seekor monyet yag selalu mencoba untuk menghiburnya. Dia tidak hanya seekor monyet biasa, dia memiliki kekuatan magis. Dan dia juga dapat berbicara dengan manusia. Nama monyet itu adalah Lutung Kasarung.  Dia sebenarnya adalah seorang dewa. Namanya Sanghyang Gurumina. Lutung Kasarung berencana untuk membantu purbasari. Dia membuat sebuah danau kecil dan memintanya untuk mandi disitu. Hebatnya kulit buruknya sudah sembuh. Sekaarng dia mendapatkan kulit cantiknya kembali. Setelah itu dia meminta Lutung Kasarung untuk menemaninya kembali ke tempat. Parubarang merasa sangat kaget. Dia tau dia harus datang dengan ide jahat lainnya. Dia kemudian berkata,”siapa saja yang mempunya rambut panjang akan menjadi ratu.” Raja kemudian mengukur rambut anak-anaknya. Purbasari memiliki rambut panjang. Tapi Parubararang  tidak menyerah. “seorang ratu harus memiliki suami yang tampan. Jika tunanganku lebih tampan dari punyamu, aku akan menjadi ratu,”kata Parubararang. Purbasari sangat sedih. Dia tau bahwa tunangan Purbararang, Indrajaya, tampan. Dan dia tidak mempunyai tunangan sebelumnya .”ini adalah tunanganku, Indrajaya. Dimana tunanganmu? ”kata Parubararang. Lutung Kasarung datang kehadapannya. Parubararang tertawa dengan sangat keras.”tunanganmu adalah seekor monyet,ha ha ha.” Tiba-tiba Lutung Kasarung berubah menjadi seorang pria yang sangat tampan. Bahkan dia lebih tampan daripada Indrajaya. Purbasari kemudian menjadi ratu. Dia memaafkan Purbararang dan tunangannya dan mengajak mereka untuk tinggal di istananya.
The Smartest Animal Once there was a farmer from Laos. Every morning and every evening, he ploughed his field with his buffalo. One day, a tiger saw the farmer and his buffalo working in the field. The tiger was very surprised to see a big animal listening to a small animal. The tiger wanted to know more about the big animal and the small animal. After the man went home, the tiger spoke to the buffalo; “you are so big and strong. Why do you do everything the man tells you?” The buffalo answered; “oh, the man is very intelligent”. The tiger asked; “can you tell me how intelligent he is?”. “No, I can’t tell you”, said the buffalo; “but you can ask him” So the next day the tiger asked to the man; “Can I see your intelligence?”. But the man answered; “it at home”. “Can you go and get it?” asked the tiger. “Yes” said the man; “but I am afraid you will kill my buffalo when I am gone. Can I tie you to a tree?” After the man tied the tiger to the tree, he didn’t go home to get his intelligence. He took his plough and hit the tiger. Then he said; “Now you know about my intelligence even you haven’t seen it.	Binatang yang Pintar Pernah ada seorang petani dari Laos. Setiap pagi dan setiap sore, ia membajak ladangnya dengan kerbau nya. Suatu hari, seekor harimau melihat petani dan kerbau sedang bekerja di lapangan. Harimau itu terkejut melihat hewan yang besar sedang mendengarkan hewan yang kecil. Harimau ingin tahu lebih banyak tentang binatang besar dan binatang kecil. Setelah orang itu pulang, harimau itu berbicara kepada kerbau, " Anda begitu besar dan kuat. ? Mengapa Anda melakukan segalanya ketika orang itu memberitahu Anda " jawab Kerbau;" oh, orang itu sangat cerdas". Harimau itu bertanya; "dapatkah Anda memberitahu saya bagaimana caranya hingga dia menjadi cerdas?". "Tidak, saya tidak bisa mengatakan", kata kerbau, "tapi Anda dapat meminta dia" Jadi hari berikutnya harimau bertanya kepada orang itu, "Dapatkah saya melihat kecerdasan Anda?". Tetapi orang itu menjawab, "di rumah". "Bisakah Anda pergi dan mendapatkannya?" Tanya harimau. "Ya" jawab orang itu, "tapi saya takut Anda akan membunuh kerbau saya ketika saya pergi. Dapatkah saya mengikat Anda di pohon? " Setelah orang itu mengikat harimau di pohon, ia tidak pulang untuk mendapatkan kecerdasannya. Dia mengambil bajaknya dan memukul harimau. Kemudian ia berkata, "Sekarang Anda tahu tentang kecerdasan saya bahkan Anda belum melihatnya.